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SOLAR LIGHTS UP THE CENTURIES
The history of solar power goes back as far as the 7th Century BC.
In ancient Egypt, heat from the sun was used to bake a mixture of straw and mud into bricks which were used for construction.Passive solar design was first used by the ancient Romans and Greeks - who designed buildings that made optimum use of the sun's rays for heat and light.
Building south-facing houses enabled them to maximise the winter sun. Simultaneously, they were able to reduce their dependence on firewood which was often in short supply, making early use of renewable energy in preference to fossil fuels.The concept of solar design was taken further by the Romans who promulated a law against obscuring a neighbour's access to sunlight, and also using glass and mica to cover south-facing openings.
An active application of solar energy was used as far back as 200BC when the Greek army used the sun's rays onto bronze shields to set fire to the Roman's wooden ships.Some early native cultures in America built their homes into cliffs to get the best use of the heat trapped in the rocky sides.
Much later on, in 1767, Swiss scientist Horace de Saussure was said to have built the world’s first solar collector or ‘hot ‘box’, but it was not until 1839 when French physicist, Edmond Becquerel discovered the photovoltaic effect that the platform for modern solar energy development was set.His major discovery was that exposure to light increased electric current in certain materials.
The first active solar motor was developed by French mathematician Auguste Mouchout, who also invented a steam engine powered by the sun.The high cost of production prevented both inventions from succeeding.
Scientists all over the world were experimenting with solar energy. In 1876, William Grylls Adams discovered that selenium produced electricity when exposed to light, without the need for heat or moving parts.
Albert Einstein's theories on the photoelectric effect - involving the generation of electricity through solar cells - won him the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.
In the 1950s, Bell Laboratories (now known as AT & T Laboratories) developed the first silicon solar cell which could generate a measurable electric current. It was the first cell capable of converting enough of the sun’s energy into power to run everyday electrical appliances.
Solar power found its first real use in 1958 when the Vanguard One satellite was launched carrying a solar powered radio.The first solar powered aircraft flew across the channel from France to England in 1981 under power from its sixteen thousand solar cells which gave off 3 000W of power.
Solar power research really came to the fore in 1973 with the oil crisis as the economies of the western world scrambled to develop alternatives to oil.A large number of new applications was made possible after Dr Elliot Berman designed a less expensive solar cell in the 1970s.
Environmental issues, particularly climate change, have been at the heart of the drive to find viable renewable energy sources such as geothermal, wind, wave and solar power.And whilst technologies today are a far cry from baked mud and straw bricks, the basic idea of using solar energy as a viable source of renewable energy remains.
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